Faculty Diversity: some additional statistics

March-April 2002

Supplemental statistics to "Forum: Faculty Diversity," in the March-April, 2002 edition of Harvard Magazine.

Despite 30 years of affirmative action, and contrary to public perceptions, the American faculty profile, especially at preeminent universities, remains largely white and largely male

Women currently represent 36 percent of full-time faculty compared to 23 percent in the early 1970s. Although this represents...
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Table 1: STUDENT DIVERSITY, 2000-2001
Institution	Women Students	Minority Students
Amherst	48%	25%
Dartmouth	48%	25%
Harvard	46%	34%
Princeton	49%	26%
Williams	45%	25%
Yale	49%	28%

Table 2: FACULTY, BY GENDER
	1972		1998
	Women	Men	Women	Men
Total Faculty	21%	79%	41%	59%
Full-Time Faculty	25%	75%	36%	64%
Part-Time Faculty	34%	66%	45%	55%
Full-Time Faculty at Research Universities	18%	82%	25%	75%
Tenured (among full-time faculty)	38%	58%	39%	59%
Full Professors	10%	90%	24%	76%
Full Professors in Science & Engineering	2.5%	97.5%	10%	90%

Table 3: FACULTY, BY RACE
	1989		1997
	Persons of Color	Whites	Persons of Color	Whites
Total Faculty	10%	90%	17%	83%
Full-Time Faculty	11%	89%	13%	87%
Part-Time Faculty	10%	90%	13%	87%
Full-Time Faculty at Research Universities	8%	92%	9%	91%
Tenured (among full-time faculty)	NA	NA	43%	54%
Full Professors Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans	8% 4%	92% 96%	11% 5%	89% 95%
Full Professors in Science & Engineering Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans	NA NA	NA NA	24% 6%	76% 94%
NA=Not Available

Table 4: DEGREES CONFERRED TO WOMEN

Degrees Conferred

1900

Mid-1970s

2000

Total Baccalaureate

% Women

27,410

19%

917,900

46%

1,185,000

56%

Total Masters

% Women

1,583

19%

311,771

46%

430,164

57%

Total Doctoral

% Women

382

6%

34,064

2 3%

41,368

44%

Table 5: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF FACULTY BY RANK, GENDER, AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 2000-2001
	Doctoral-Level		Comprehensive		Baccalaureate		Two-Year Colleges
	Men	Women	M	W	M	W	M	W
Professor	33	6.3	25	7.7	22.8	7.4	17.8	11.9
Associate Professor	18.7	9.1	17.1	10.2	17.0	11.5	13.1	12.4
Assistant Professor	13.1	9.8	15.2	14.3	16.6	15.5	11.9	12.6
Instructor	1.8	2.6	2.6	4.0	2.9	3.9	8.2	9.2
Lecturer	2.1	2.4	1.4	1.9	0.8	1.0	0.5	0.5
All Combined	69.3	30.7	61.6	38.4	60.5	39.5	52.6	47.6

Table 6: FULL-TIME FACULTY, 1997
Type of Institution	Women as a % of Full-Time Faculty
Public 2-year college	44%
Liberal arts college	37%
Private comprehensive university	34%
Public comprehensive university	32%
Public doctoral university	25%
Private doctoral university	23%

Table 7: TENURE STATUS, BY GENDER AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 1980 AND 1995

1980

1995

Men

Women

Men

Women

All institutions

Four-Year

University

Other Four-Year

Two-Year

70.0

68.3

70.0

67.0

78.8

49.7

44.0

41.0

45.5

66.6

71.3

70.2

74.0

67.5

78.2

50.3

45.3

45.7

45.1

67.1

Public institutions

Four-Year

University

Other Four-Year

Two-Year

72.8

71.1

71.3

70.9

79.3

54.0

47.5

42.8

50.2

67.5

74.0

73.0

76.0

70.6

78.2

53.6

47.4

47.6

47.3

67.3

Private institutions

Four-Year

University

Other Four-Year

Two-Year

62.2

62.2

66.3

59.8

57.3

37.2

37.2

36.5

37.4

39.5

64.8

64.6

68.9

62.2

75.8

41.7

41.4

41.3

41.5

57.3

Table 8: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DOCTORATES, 1993
	Women	Men
Number holding full-time faculty positions	41,800	169,200
Number holding part-time faculty positions	28,000	55,300
Likelihood of being employed full-time	60%	75%
Likelihood of being employed part-time	40%	25%
Percent awarded tenure	26%	51%
Percent employed on one-term contracts (non-tenure-track)	54%	34%
Percent employed by public, two-year colleges	37%	25%
Percent employed by universities and four-year colleges Biological sciences Chemistry Environmental sciences Physical sciences	29% 26% 18% 32% 25%	43% 62% 59% 60% 49%

Table 9: AVERAGE SALARY, BY GENDER, RANK, AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 2000-01 (figures in dollars)
	Doctoral		Comprehensive		Baccalaureate		Two-Year Colleges
	Men	Women	M	W	M	W	M	W
Professor	91,186	82,827	70,726	67,283	65,152	61,933	59,560	55,141
Associate	63,863	59,515	56,404	53,576	51,044	49,082	48,643	45,573
Assistant	54,886	49,707	46,299	44,310	42,140	41,159	42,128	40,311
Instructor	37,738	35,694	35,431	34,486	35,179	33,384	35,774	35,078
Lecturer	43,986	39,171	37,019	34,817	38,992	36,644	36,501	34,413

Table 10: PERCENT OF DOCTORAL DEGREES IN 2000, BY RACE
	All	Business	Education	Engineering	Humanities	Life Sciences	Physical Sciences	Profl Fields	Social Sciences
Native American	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.7
Asian	7.8	9.5	3.1	17.5	4.3	11.4	10.5	5.7	5.4
Black	5.9	5.9	12.4	3.2	3.7	3.7	2.8	9.5	6.5
Hispanic	4.3	2.9	5.0	3.1	4.7	4.0	3.4	3.7	5.0
White	79.3	78.9	77	73.5	84.4	78.5	80.5	79.3	80

Table 11: PERCENT TENURED FACULTY, BY RACE, 1989 and 1997
	1989			1997
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total	71	75	59	73	77	63
White	72	76	60	75	80	64
Total Minority	61	63	57	64	68	56
African American	61	63	59	61	64	57
Hispanic	64	66	58	64	68	59
Asian American	60	61	54	66	70	54
Native American	67	71	57	63	71	51

Table 12: PERCENT FULL-TIME FACULTY, BY RACE AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 1992
	Total	Public Research	Private Research	Public Doctoral	Private Doctoral	Public Comp	Private Comp	Private L. Arts	Public 2-Year
White	86.5	88	83.7	87.5	84.1	82.7	91.3	90	85.5
Black	5.2	2.8	5.0	3.1	4.9	9.1	3.5	5.4	6.2
Hispanic	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.5	3.7	2.6	1.3	4.1	1.4
Asian	5.2	6.9	9.0	6.1	7.1	5.1	3.3	2.8	3.3
Native American	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.5	1.0